Long Strangle (aka Long Combination)

This strategy differs from a straddle in that the call strike is above the put strike; as a general rule, both the call and the put are out-of-the-money.  Strangles are less expensive than straddles, but a larger move in the underlying stock is required to reach breakeven.  Another variation of this strategy is the gut, where the call strike is below the put strike.  Because both the call and put stike prices of a gut are usually in-the-money - at least one of them has to be -  this strategy is very expensive and therefore rarely used.

Max Loss

The maximum loss is limited. The maximum loss occurs if the underlying stock remains between the strike prices until expiration.  If at expiration the stock's price is between the strikes, both options will expire worthless and the entire premium paid will have been lost.

Max Gain

The maximum gain is unlimited. The maximum gain occurs if the underlying stock goes to infinity, and a very substantial gain would occur if the stock became worthless.  The gross profit at expiration would be the difference between the stock's price and either (a) the call strike price if the stock price is higher or (b) the put strike price if the stock price is lower.  The net profit is the gross profit less the premium paid for the options.  There is no limit to the upside potential and the downside potential is limited only because the stock price cannot go below zero.

Profit/Loss

The potential profit is unlimited on the upside and very substantial on the downside.  The loss is limited to the premium paid for the options.

Breakeven

This strategy breaks even if, at expiration, the stock price is either above the call strike price or below the put strike price by the amount of premium paid.  At either of those levels, one option's intrinsic value will equal the premium paid for both options while the other option will be expiring worthless.

Upside breakeven = call strike + premiums paid

Downside breakeven = put strike - premiums paid

Volatility

An increase in implied volatility, all other things equal, would have a very positive impact on this strategy.  Even if the stock price holds steady, a quick rise in implied volatility would push up the value of both options and might allow the investor to close out the position for a profit well before expiration.

Time Decay

The passage of time, all other things equal, will have a very negative impact on this strategy.  Because the strategy consists of being long two options, every day that passes without a move in the stock's price will cause their value to suffer a significant erosion of value.

Assignment Risk

None.  The investor is in control.

Expiration Risk

Slight.  If the options are held into expiration, one of them may be subject to auto-exercise.

Comments

This strategy is really a race between time decay and volatility.  The passage of time is a constant that erodes the position's value a little bit every day.  Volatility is the storm which might blow in at any moment, or which might never occur at all.

Related Position

Comparable Position: N/A

Opposite Position: Short Strangle