Options Glossary: B
Backspread
A delta-neutral spread composed of more long options than short options on the same underlying instrument. This position generally profits from a large movement in either direction in the underlying instrument.
Bear (Or bearish) spread
One of a variety of strategies involving two or more options (or options combined with a position in the underlying stock) that can potentially profit from a fall in the price of the underlying stock.
Bear spread (Call)
The simultaneous writing of one call option with a lower strike price and the purchase of another call option with a higher strike price. Example: writing 1 XYZ May 60 call, and buying 1 XYZ May 65 call.
Bear spread (Put)
The simultaneous purchase of one put option with a higher strike price and the writing of another put option with a lower strike price. Example: buying 1 XYZ May 60 put, and writing 1 XYZ May 55 put.
Bearish
An adjective describing the opinion that a stock, or a market in general, will decline in price - a negative or pessimistic outlook.
Beta
A measure of how closely the movement of an individual stock tracks the movement of the entire stock market.
Black-Scholes formula
The first widely-used model for option pricing. This formula can be used to calculate a theoretical value for an option using current stock prices, expected dividends, the option's strike price, expected interest rates, time to expiration and expected stock volatility. While the Black-Scholes model does not perfectly describe real-world options markets, it is still often used in the valuation and trading of options.
Box spread
A four-sided option spread that involves a long call and a short put at one strike price as well as a short call and a long put at another strike price. Example: buying 1 XYZ May 60 call, and writing 1 XYZ May 65 call; simultaneously buying 1 XYZ May 65 put, and writing 1 May 60 put.
Break-even point(s)
The stock price(s) at which an option strategy results in neither a profit nor a loss. While a strategy's break-even point(s) are normally stated as of the option's expiration date, a theoretical option pricing model can be used to determine the strategy's break-even point(s) for other dates as well.
Broker
A person acting as an agent for making securities transactions. An 'Account Executive' or a 'broker' at a brokerage firm deals directly with customers. A 'Floor Broker' on the trading floor of an exchange actually executes someone else's trading orders.
Bull (Or bullish) spread
One of a variety of strategies involving two or more options (or options combined with an underlying stock position) that may potentially profit from a rise in the price of the underlying stock.
Bull spread (Call)
The simultaneous purchase of one call option with a lower strike price and the writing of another call option with a higher strike price. Example: buying 1 XYZ May 60 call, and writing 1 XYZ May 65 call.
Bull spread (Put)
The simultaneous writing of one put option with a higher strike price and the purchase of another put option with a lower strike price. Example: writing 1 XYZ May 60 put, and buying 1 XYZ May 55 put.
Bullish
An adjective describing the opinion that a stock, or the market in general, will rise in price - a positive or optimistic outlook.
Butterfly spread
A strategy involving three equidistant strike prices that has both limited risk and limited profit potential. A long call butterfly is established by: buying one call at the lowest strike price, writing two calls at the middle strike price, and buying one call at the highest strike price. A long put butterfly is established by: buying one put at the highest strike price, writing two puts at the middle strike price, and buying one put at the lowest strike price. For example, a long call butterfly might be: buying 1 XYZ May 55 call, writing 2 XYZ May 60 calls and buying 1 XYZ May 65 call.
Buy-write
A covered call position in which stock is purchased and an equivalent number of calls written at the same time. This position may be transacted as a combined order, with both sides (Buying stock and writing calls) being executed simultaneously. Example: buying 500 shares XYZ stock, and writing 5 XYZ May 60 calls. See also Covered call / Covered call writing.
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